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Definição e significado de Adduct

Definição

adduct (n.)

1.a compound formed by an addition reaction

adduct (v.)

1.draw a limb towards the body"adduct the thigh muscle"

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Merriam Webster

AdductAd*duct" (�), v. t. [L. adductus, p. p. of adducere. See Adduce.] (Physiol.) To draw towards a common center or a middle line. Huxley.

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Definiciones (más)

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Ver também

adduct (v.)

abduct

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Adduct

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See also adduction, one of the anatomical terms of motion.
A ball-and-stick model of the Lewis adduct between BH3 and THF

An adduct (from the Latin adductus, "drawn toward") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components, with formation of two chemical bonds and a net reduction in bond multiplicity in at least one of the reactants.[1] The resultant is considered a distinct molecular species. Examples include the adduct between hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate to give sodium percarbonate, and the addition of sodium bisulfite to an aldehyde to give a sulfonate.

Adducts often form between Lewis acids and Lewis bases. A good example would be the formation of adducts between the Lewis acid borane and the oxygen atom in the Lewis bases, tetrahydrofuran (THF, IUPAC: oxacyclopentane): BH3•O(CH2)4 or diethyl ether: BH3•O(CH3CH2)2. Compounds or mixtures that cannot form an adduct because of steric hindrance are called frustrated Lewis pairs.

Adducts are not necessarily molecular in nature. A good example from solid-state chemistry are the adducts of ethylene or carbon monoxide of CuAlCl4. The latter is a solid with an extended lattice structure. Upon formation of the adduct a new extended phase is formed in which the gas molecules are incorporated (inserted) as ligands of the copper atoms within the structure. This reaction can also be considered a reaction between a base and a Lewis acid with the copper atom in the electron-receiving and the pi electrons of the gas molecule in the donating role.[2]

Adduct ions

An adduct ion is formed from a precursor ion and contains all of the constituent atoms of that ion as well as additional atoms or molecules.[3] Adduct ions are often formed in a mass spectrometer ion source.

References

  1. ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. "adduct". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition.
  2. ^ Capracotta, Michael D.; Sullivan, Roger M.; Martin, James D. (2006). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Sorptive Reconstruction of CuMCl4 (M = Al and Ga) upon Small-Molecule Binding and the Competitive Binding of CO and Ethylene"]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (41): 13463–13473. doi:10.1021/ja063172q. 
  3. ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. "adduct ion (in mass spectrometry)". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition.

 

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