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Albendazole (n.)
1.(MeSH)A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)
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Albendazole (n.) (MeSH)
D02.241.081.251.022, D03.438.103.070, Albendazole Monohydrochloride (MeSH), Albendoral (MeSH), Albenza (MeSH), Armstrong Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Bendapar (MeSH), Bilutac (MeSH), Diba Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Digezanol (MeSH), Disthelm (MeSH), Endoplus (MeSH), Eskazole (MeSH), Fustery Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Gascop (MeSH), Hormona Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Liferpal Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Lurdex (MeSH), Mediamix V Disthelm (MeSH), Metiazol (MeSH), Noé-Socopharm Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Pfizer Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Sanicoopa Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), SK&F-62979 (MeSH), SKF-62979 (MeSH), Smith Kline&French Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), SmithKline Beecham Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Valbazen (MeSH), Valdecasas Brand of Albendazole (MeSH), Zentel (MeSH)
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⇨ Albendazole Monohydrochloride • Armstrong Brand of Albendazole • Diba Brand of Albendazole • Fustery Brand of Albendazole • Hormona Brand of Albendazole • Liferpal Brand of Albendazole • Pfizer Brand of Albendazole • Sanicoopa Brand of Albendazole
Wikipedia
Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
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Methyl [6-(propylthio)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]carbamate | |
Clinical data | |
Trade names | Albenza |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a610019 |
Pregnancy cat. | D |
Legal status | prescription |
Routes | only oral route |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Metabolism | oxidation of sulfur atom to sulfoxide, the active metabolite |
Half-life | About 8.5 h |
Identifiers | |
CAS number | 54965-21-8 |
ATC code | P02CA03 QP52AC11 |
PubChem | CID 2082 |
DrugBank | DB00518 |
ChemSpider | 1998 |
UNII | F4216019LN |
KEGG | D00134 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:16664 |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL1483 |
NIAID ChemDB | 007895 |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C12H15N3O2S |
Mol. mass | 265.333 g/mol |
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Albendazole, marketed as Albenza, Eskazole, Zentel, Andazol and Alworm, is a member of the benzimidazole compounds used as a drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of worm infestations. Although this use is widespread in the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved albendazole for this indication. It is marketed by Amedra Pharmaceuticals. Albendazole was first discovered at the SmithKline Animal Health Laboratories in 1972. It is a broad spectrum anthelmintic, effective against: roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes of domestic animals and humans.[1]
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It is effective first line of treatment against:
In Africa, albendazole (donated by GlaxoSmithKline) is being used to treat lymphatic filariasis as part of efforts to stop transmission of the disease.[3] In sub-Saharan Africa, albendazole is used in conjunction with ivermectin, and elsewhere in the world, the medicine is used in combination with diethylcarbamazine.[3]
In Brazil and other countries it is used against giardiasis.[4]
As a vermicidal, albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules. The loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their glycogen stores. Degenerative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of lysosomes result in decreased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the helminth. Due to diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies.
Albendazole also has been shown to inhibit the enzyme fumarate reductase, which is helminth-specific. This action may be considered secondary to the effect on the microtubules due to the decreased absorption of glucose. This action occurs in the presence of reduced amounts of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in reduced form (NADH), which is a coenzyme involved in many cellular oxidation-reduction reactions.
Albendazole has larvicidal effects in necatoriasis and ovicidal effects in ascariasis, ancylostomiasis, and trichinosis.
Albendazole is only given orally (PO).
NOTE: When administering albendazole in the pre- or post-surgical setting, optimal killing of cyst contents is achieved when 3 courses of therapy have been given.
Note: Patients being treated for neurocysticercosis should receive appropriate steroid and anticonvulsant therapy as required. Oral or intravenous corticosteroids should be considered to prevent cerebral hypertensive episodes during the first week of treatment.
Single dose of 400 mg. For Filariasis, note that Albendazole has no effect on the adult worms (Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis Mark J Taylor, Achim Hoerauf, Moses Bockarie, 2010, Lancet). Filariasis, albendazole and/or disintegrating filariae can affect the lymphatic system.
Albendazole may cause abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, or temporary hair loss.
In rare cases it may cause persistent sore throat, severe headache, seizures, vision problems, yellowing eyes or skin, dark urine, stomach pain, easy bruising, mental/mood changes, very stiff neck, change in amount of urine. Elevation of liver enzymes during treatment is a common side effect, but in rare cases there have also been reports of acute liver failure. Allergic reactions are also possible.
Rarely Albendazole has been reported to cause marrow suppression, agranulocytosis or aplastic anemia which may be permanent.[5] The risk of developing this side effect seems to be increased in patients with liver disease, including echinococcal cysts. Because of this dangerous side effect it is important to regularly monitor complete blood counts.
The drugs carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbital lower the plasmatic concentration and the half life of albendazole.[6]
The drug cimetidine heightens serum albendazole concentrations, and increases the half life of albendazole.[7]
This might be a helpful interaction on more severe cases, because it boosts the potency of albendazole.[8]
Hypersensitivity to the benzimidazole class of compounds.
D (Australia) - Do not take when pregnant, and do not become pregnant for one month after taking this drug. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that trace amounts of albendazole appears in semen. Given this potential for teratogenicity, the manufacturers advise that the male sexual partner should also use adequate protection.
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