From Wikipedia
Dihydroetorphine is a potent analgesic drug (painkiller),[1] which is used mainly in China. It is a derivative of the more well-known opioid etorphine, which is used as a very potent veterinary painkiller and anesthetic medication, primarily for the sedation of large animals such as elephants, giraffes and rhinos.
Dihydroetorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid, used mainly as a strong painkiller for humans.[2] It is several thousand times stronger than morphine (between 1000x and 12000x more potent depending what method is used for comparison),[3] although it is poorly absorbed when taken orally. Sublingual forms of dihydroetorphine are used in China at doses ranging from 20 to 180µg, and are reported to cause strong analgesia and relatively mild side effects compared to other opioids, although all the usual opioid side effects such as dizziness, sedation, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression can occur. Transdermal patches of dihydroetorphine have also been developed.[4]
Dihydroetorphine is considered to be somewhat less addictive than many other opioids, and is also sometimes used in China as a substitute maintenance drug for opioid addicts,[5] in a similar way to how the related drug buprenorphine is used in western nations.[6][7]
References
- ↑ Martin TJ, Hairston CT, Lutz PO, et al. "Anti-allodynic actions of intravenous opioids in the nerve injured rat: Potential utility of heroin and dihydroetorphine against neuropathic pain." European Journal of Pharmacology 1998;357(1):25-32. PMID 9788770
- ↑ Lewis JW, Husbands SM. "The orvinols and related opioids--high affinity ligands with diverse efficacy profiles." Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2004;10(7):717-32. PMID 15032698
- ↑ Bentley KW, Hardy DG. "Novel analgesics and molecular rearrangements in the morphine-thebaine group. 3. Alcohols of the 6,14-endo-ethenotetrahydrooripavine series and derived analogs of N-allylnormorphine and -norcodeine." Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1967 Jun 21;89(13):3281-92. PMID 6042764
- ↑ Ohmori S, Morimoto Y. "Dihydroetorphine: a potent analgesic: pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical effects." CNS Drug Reviews. 2002 Winter;8(4):391-404. PMID 12481194
- ↑ Qin Bo-Yi (1998). [Expression error: Missing operand for > "Advances in dihydroetorphine: From analgesia to detoxification"]. Drug Development Research 39 (2): 131–134. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2299(199610)39:2<131::AID-DDR3>3.0.CO;2-Q. Link
- ↑ Gerak LR, Gauthier CR, France CR. "Discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects of dihydroetorphine in rhesus monkeys." Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 2003 Apr;166(4):351-9. PMID 12601499
- ↑ Husbands SM, Lewis JW. "Opioid ligands having delayed long-term antagonist activity: potential pharmacotherapies for opioid abuse." Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2003 Mar;3(2):137-44. PMID 12570846
| Opioids (N02A) |
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Opium and
Poppy straw
derivatives | Crude opiate
extracts | | |
| Natural Opiates | Opium Alkaloids
see also: Components of Opium | | |
| Alkaloid Salts Mixtures | |
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| Semisynthetics | | Morphine Family | | |
| 3,6 Diesters of Morphine | | |
| Codeine-Dionine Family | | |
| Morphinones | | |
| Codeinones | | |
| Dihydrocodeine Series | | |
| Nitrogen Morphine Derivatives | Codeine-N-Oxide · Heroin-N-Oxide · Hydromorphone-N-Oxide · Morphine-N-Oxide | |
| Hydrazones | | |
| Others | |
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Active Opiate
Metabolites | |
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| Morphinans | | |
| Benzomorphans | | |
| 4-Phenylpiperidines | | |
Open Chain
Opioids | | Amidones | | |
| Methadols | | |
| Moramides | | |
| Thiambutenes | | |
| Phenalkoxams | | |
| Ampromides | | |
| Others | |
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| Anilidopiperidines | | |
Oripavine
derivatives | | |
| Phenazepines | | |
| Pirinitramides | | |
| Benzimidazoles | | |
| Indoles | | |
| Diphenylmethylpiperazines | | |
Opioid peptides
see also: The Opioid Peptides | | |
| Others | | |
Opioid Antagonists
&
Inverse-Agonists | |
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