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Interleukin-8 (n.)
1.(MeSH)A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.
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Interleukin-8 (n.) (MeSH)
D12.644.276.374.200.120.800, D12.644.276.374.465.508, D12.776.467.374.200.120.800, D12.776.467.374.465.508, D23.125.300.120.800, D23.469.200.120.800, D23.529.374.200.120.800, D23.529.374.465.508, Alveolar Macrophage Chemotactic Factor-I (MeSH), AMCF-I (MeSH), Anionic Neutrophil-Activating Peptide (MeSH), Chemokine CXCL8 (MeSH), Chemokines, CXCL8 (MeSH), Chemotactic Factor, Macrophage-Derived (MeSH), Chemotactic Factor, Neutrophil (MeSH), Chemotactic Factor, Neutrophil, Monocyte-Derived (MeSH), CXCL8 Chemokine (MeSH), Granulocyte Chemotactic Peptide-Interleukin-8 (MeSH), IL8 (MeSH), IL-8 (MeSH), Monocyte-Derived Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor (MeSH), Neutrophil-Activating Peptide, Lymphocyte-Derived (MeSH), Neutrophil-Activating Peptide, Monocyte-Derived (MeSH), Neutrophil Activation Factor (MeSH)
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Interleukin-8 (n.) [MeSH]
Wikipedia
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. It is also synthesized by endothelial cells, which store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel-Palade bodies.[1][2] In humans, the interleukin-8 protein is encoded by the IL8 gene.[3]
There are many receptors of the surface membrane capable to bind IL-8; the most frequently studied types are the G protein-coupled serpentine receptors CXCR1, and CXCR2. Expression and affinity to IL-8 is different in the two receptors (CXCR1 > CXCR2). Toll-like receptors are the receptors of the innate immune system. These receptors recognize antigen patterns (like LPS in gram negative bacteria). Through a chain of biochemical reactions, IL-8 is secreted and is an important mediator of the immune reaction in the innate immune system response.
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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CXC chemokine family. This chemokine is one of the major mediators of the inflammatory response. This chemokine is secreted by several cell types. It functions as a chemoattractant, and is also a potent angiogenic factor. Both monomer and homodimer forms of IL-8 were reported as potent inducers of CXCR1 and CXCR2. The homodimer proved to be more potent, however methylation of Leu25 can block activity of the dimers. IL-8 is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory tract disease caused by viral infection. This gene and other ten members of the CXC chemokine gene family form a chemokine gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 4q.[3][4]
Primary function of IL-8 is the induction of chemotaxis in its target cells (e.g., neutrophil granulocytes). In neutrophils series of cell-physiological responses required for migration and its target function phagocytosis are also induced like increase of intracellular Ca2+, exocytosis (e.g. histamine release), respiratory burst. IL-8 can be secreted by any cells with toll-like receptors that are involved in the innate immune response. IL-8's primary function is to recruit neutrophils to phagocytose the antigen, which triggers the antigen pattern toll-like receptors.
When first encountering an antigen, the primary cells to encounter it are the macrophages, which phagocytose the particle. Upon processing, they release chemokines to signal other immune cells to come in to the site of inflammation. IL-8 is one of these chemokines. It serves as a chemical signal that attracts neutrophils at the site of inflammation, and therefore is also known as neutrophil chemotactic factor.
While neutrophil granulocytes are the primary target cells of IL-8, there is a relative wide range of cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, mast cells, and keratinocytes) responding to this chemokine, too. The chemoattractant activity of IL-8 in similar concentrations to vertebrates was proven in Tetrahymena pyriformis, which refers to a phylogenetically well-conserved structure and function in the case of this chemokine.[5]
Interleukin-8 is often associated with inflammation. As an example, it has been cited as a proinflammatory mediator in gingivitis[6] and psoriasis.[2]. The fact that Interleukin-8 secretion is increased by oxidant stress, which thereby causes the recruitment of inflammatory cells induces a further increase in oxidant stress mediators, making it a key parameter in localized inflammation.[7]
If a pregnant mother has high levels of interleukin-8, there is an increased risk of schizophrenia in her offspring.[8] High levels of Interleukin 8 have been shown to reduce the likelihood of positive responses to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia.[9]
IL-8 was renamed CXCL8 by the Chemokine Nomenclature Subcommittee of the International Union of Immunological Societies,[10] although its approved HUGO gene symbol remains IL8.
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