definição e significado de Nose-picking

Nose-picking
Classification and external resources
A man picking his nose
ICD-10	F 98.8

Nose-picking is the act of extracting dried nasal mucus or foreign bodies from the nose with a finger. Despite being a very common habit, it is a mildly taboo activity in most^[ambiguous] cultures, and the observation of the activity in another person may provoke mixed feelings of disgust and amusement.^[where?]^[1] The Greek name for nose-picking, rhinotillexis, is sometimes used in medical literature.

1 Prevalence
2 Rhinotillexomania
3 Medical risks
4 Cultural references
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Prevalence

Nose-picking is an extremely common habit, with some surveys indicating that it is almost universal, with people picking their nose an average of about four times a day.^[2] A 1995 study into nose picking, requesting information from 1,000 randomly selected adults, gathered 254 respondents. It defined nose-picking as "the insertion of a finger (or other object) into the nose with the intention of removing dried nasal secretions". Of those who responded, 91% said they were current nose pickers (but only 75% of these believed everyone did it) and two people claimed to spend between fifteen to thirty minutes and one to two hours a day picking their nose.^[3]

Mucous membranes in the nasal cavity constantly produce a wet mucus that removes dust and pathogens from the air flowing through the cavity. For the most part, the cilia that also line the cavity work to move the mucus toward the throat where it can be swallowed. However, not all the mucus stays fluid enough to be moved by the cilia. The closer the mucus is to the nostril opening, the more moisture it loses to the outside air, and the more likely it is to dry out and become stuck. Once dried, the mucus typically causes a sensation of irritation that leads to the compulsion to dislodge the itch by picking.

In many cultures^[which?] nose-picking is considered a private act akin to defecation, urination, flatulence, and belching. Mucophagy, the act of eating the extracted mucus, may be considered more taboo, and is sometimes portrayed in comedies. To be caught nose-picking may be considered humiliating.

Rhinotillexomania

When nose picking becomes a body-focused repetitive behavior or obsessive–compulsive disorder it is known as rhinotillexomania.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Most cases do not meet this pathological threshold.^[3]

Medical risks

Risks may include an increase in the diversity of nose flora,^[8] or occasional nosebleeds. One case of rhinotillexomania resulted in perforation of the nasal septum and self-induced ethmoidectomy.^[9] Nose picking, however, should not affect the sense of smell, as the nasal cavity where the olfactory nerves are located is too high up to reach.

Cultural references

A popular saying in many English-speaking countries is, "You can pick your friends, and you can pick your nose, but you can't pick your friend's nose". An unusual popular culture reference may be found in the 1968 Mothers of Invention song "Let's Make The Water Turn Black". The song tells a true story of an adolescent acquaintance of composer Frank Zappa who habitually saved his own extracted mucus on the pane of his bedroom window.^[10]

References

^ Hemenover, Scott H.; Ulrich Schimmack (August 2007). "That's disgusting! ..., but very amusing: Mixed feelings of amusement and disgust". Cognition & Emotion 21 (5): 1102–1113. DOI:10.1080/02699930601057037.
^ Andrade, Chittaranjan; B.S. Srihari (2001). "A preliminary survey of rhinotillexomania in an adolescent sample". The Journal of clinical psychiatry 62 (6): 426–31. DOI:10.4088/JCP.v62n0605. PMID 11465519. Reviewed in:
- Abrahams, Marc (2008-08-19). "Why teenagers get right up your nose". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2008/aug/19/research.highereducation. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- Abrahams, Marc (2003). "Nose Picking in Adolescents". The Ig Nobel prizes: the annals of improbable research. New York City: E.P. Dutton. pp. 19–22. ISBN 0-525-94753-1. OCLC 52092050.
^ ^a ^b Jefferson, James W.; Trevor D.B. Thompson (1995). "Rhinotillexomania: psychiatric disorder or habit?". The Journal of clinical psychiatry 56 (2): 56–9. PMID 7852253.
^ Medical papers at PubMed
^ Fontenelle, L.F.; M.V. Mendlowicz, T.C. Mussi, C. Marques and M. Versiani (December 2002). "The man with the purple nostrils: a case of rhinotrichotillomania secondary to body dysmorphic disorder". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 106 (6): 464–6; discussion 466. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.01463.x. PMID 12392491.
^ AAMFT Consumer Update – Hair Pulling, Skin Picking and Biting: Body-Focused Repetitive Disorders, American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
^ Etymology: from Greek rhino (from ῥίς, rhis, "nose") + τίλλειν (tillein, "to pull") + exo "out" (or according to an alternative analysis, from Neolatin tillexis, "habit of picking", from Greek tillein and έξη, éksi, "habit") + mania.
^ Wertheim, Heiman F.L.; Menno van Kleef, Margreet C. Vos, Alewijn Ott, Henri A. Verbrugh and Wytske Fokkens (August 2006). "Nose picking and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 27 (8): 863–7. DOI:10.1086/506401. PMID 16874648. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/506401?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
^ Caruso, Ronald D.; Richard G. Sherry, Arthur E. Rosenbaum, Stephen E. Joy, Ja Kwei Chang, and Douglas M. Sanford (1997). "Self-induced ethmoidectomy from rhinotillexomania". American Journal of Neuroradiology 18 (10): 1949–50. PMID 9403460. http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9403460. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
^ Zappa, Frank; Peter Occhiogrosso (1989). "Boogers from Hell". The Real Frank Zappa Book. New York City: Poseidon Press. pp. 85–87. ISBN 0-671-70572-5. OCLC 43484351.