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Definição e significado de One_Life_to_Live

Definição

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Wikipedia

One Life to Live

                   
One Life to Live
OLTL2008logo.jpg
Genre Soap opera
Created by Agnes Nixon
Written by Ron Carlivati
Starring List of Cast Members
Country of origin United States
Language(s) English
No. of seasons 44[1]
No. of episodes 11,096[2][3]
Production
Executive producer(s) Doris Quinlan (1968–1977)
Joseph Stuart (1977–1983)
Jean Arley (1983-1984)
Paul Rauch (1984–1991)
Linda Gottlieb (1991–1994)
Susan Bedsow Horgan (1994–1996)
Maxine Levinson (1996–1997)
Jill Farren Phelps (1997–2001)
Gary Tomlin (2001–2002)
Frank Valentini (2003–2012)
Running time 30 minutes (1968–1976)
45 minutes (1976–1978)
60 minutes (1978–2012)
Distributor ABC
Broadcast
Original channel ABC
Picture format 480i SD fullscreen (1968-2010)
480i SD widescreen (2010–2012)
Original run July 15, 1968 (1968-07-15) – January 13, 2012 (2012-01-13)

One Life to Live (also abbreviated as OLTL) is an American television soap opera broadcast for 43 years on the ABC network, from July 15, 1968, to January 13, 2012.[4][5][6] Created by Agnes Nixon, the series was the first daytime drama to primarily feature racially and socioeconomically diverse characters and consistently emphasize social issues.[4] One Life to Live was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26, 1976, and then to an hour on January 16, 1978.

One Life to Live focuses on the members and relationships of the Lord family. Actress Erika Slezak began portraying original and central heroine Victoria "Viki" Lord on March 1971[4] and played the character continuously for the rest of the show's run. She has won a record six Daytime Emmy Awards for the role.[7] In 2002, the series won an Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series.[8] Taped in New York City, One Life to Live was the last American daytime soap opera based outside the Los Angeles area.

On April 14, 2011, ABC announced the cancellation of One Life to Live, citing low ratings, high production costs and viewers' changing tastes.[9][10] On July 7, 2011, production company Prospect Park announced that it would continue the show as a web series after its run on ABC,[11] but later suspended the project.[12] The final scenes of One Life to Live were taped on November 18, 2011 and the last episode aired on January 13, 2012. Since then, several characters have been brought over to General Hospital.

The departure of One Life to Live ended a 62-year history of daytime television soap operas in New York.[6]

Contents

Creation

Impressed with the ratings success of NBC's Another World, ABC sought out Another World writer Nixon to create a serial for them. Though Nixon's concept for the new series was "built along the classic soap formula of a rich family and a poor family," she was "tired of the restraints imposed by the WASPy, noncontroversial nature of daytime drama."[4] One Life to Live would emphasize "the ethnic and socioeconomic diversity" of the characters in its fictional setting.[4] Nixon would go on to create All My Children in 1970 and Loving in 1983.

The initial main titles of the series featured the image of a roaring fireplace, a visual representation of the originally proposed title — Between Heaven and Hell — ultimately changed to One Life to Live to avoid controversy.[13] One Life to Live's first sponsor was the Colgate-Palmolive company, who also sponsored The Doctors. ABC bought the show from Nixon in December 1974 when they purchased all stock to her Creative Horizons, Inc. The show was originally a half-hour serial until it was expanded to 45 minutes on July 23, 1976, and to one hour on January 16, 1978.[5]

Series history

One Life to Live is set in the fictional city of Llanview, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[4] The show originally concentrated on the wealthy WASP Lord family, the working-class Polish American Woleks, the less wealthy Jewish Siegels, the middle-class Irish Rileys, and the African-American Grays.[4] One Life to Live has been called "the most peculiarly American of soap operas: the first serial to present a vast array of ethnic types, broad comic situations, a constant emphasis on social issues, and strong male characters."[4]

Since its inception, One Life to Live centered on the character of Victoria "Viki" Lord (originated by Gillian Spencer), who was portrayed by six-time Emmy winner Erika Slezak since March 1971.[4] Long-suffering heroine Viki weathered love and loss, widowhood, rape, divorce, stroke, and breast cancer, and was plagued by dissociative identity disorder (or DID, once known as multiple personality disorder) on and off for decades. Viki also had heart problems and received a transplant from her dying husband.

The apparent murder of Marco Dane by Viki Lord and the ensuing Karen Wolek prostitution storyline in 1979 garnered widespread critical acclaim and several Daytime Emmy Awards. The 1980s brought great ratings success and rose to prominence Viki's sister, Tina, and the Buchanan family. In the 1990s, the show introduced the first married interracial couple in soap operas, attorneys Hank and Nora Gannon, and the story of the involvement of Viki's estranged brother, Todd, with the rape of Marty Saybrooke, called "one of the show's most remembered and impactful."[14]

One Life to Live celebrated its 40th anniversary in July 2008 with the return of several former cast members[15] and by revisiting notable plot lines from its past.[16] "Deceased" characters and even creator Agnes Nixon appeared in a storyline in which Slezak's Viki dies and visits Heaven, an homage to Viki's 1987 heavenly trip.[15][16][17][18] Daytime Emmy-nominee Andrea Evans and others returned for a tribute to Tina Lord's famous 1987 plunge over the Iguazu Falls[15][16][17][18] and the 1990 royal wedding in fictional Mendorra.[19][20] And like the 1988 Old West storyline in which the character Clint Buchanan steps back 100 years in the past, on July 21, 2008, Robert S. Woods began an extended storyline in which his character Bo Buchanan finds himself transplanted back into his own past—specifically 1968, the year of the series' inception—witnessing his family's back-story unfold.[15][16][17][21] Soap Opera Digest subsequently named One Life to Live their "Best Show" of 2008, calling it "the year's most compelling" series and citing a myriad of story lines the magazine found "heartbreaking," "stunning," and "gripping," as well as complimenting its risk-taking and "diverse and talented" cast.[22]

On August 4, 2009, it was announced that One Life to Live, which taped in New York City, would move from ABC Studio 17 at 56 West 66th Street to Studio 23 at 320 West 66th Street, Manhattan in early 2010. This studio was made available by the move of sister soap opera All My Children to a production facility in Los Angeles, where that series began taping on January 4, 2010.[23][24] The new studio was 30% larger than One Life to Live's previous one, and both One Life to Live and All My Children were to be taped and broadcast in high-definition (HD) after their moves.[24]

On October 8, 2009, ABC announced that it had postponed the transition to HD for One Live to Live, citing the economic climate at the time, though an ABC spokesperson stated that they "...will re-examine it next year."[25] On December 6, 2010, One Life to Live became the fifth daytime soap opera to broadcast in the 16:9 widescreen picture format but still not in true HD, after Days of our Lives, The Young and the Restless, and fellow ABC soaps All My Children and General Hospital, though those series are produced in high-definition.[26] ABC's picture disclaimers at the start of the program list it as being aired in "digital widescreen" rather than HD. The September 17, 2010, series ending of As the World Turns left One Life to Live as the last remaining American daytime soap opera being produced in the New York City area as well as the only one produced outside the Greater Los Angeles area.

Rumors about a potential cancellation of One Life to Live arose from TV Guide Canada in late 2009, after ABC announced that it was moving All My Children from New York City to Los Angeles.[27] One Life to Live's lone presence in New York among the ABC soap operas, along its non-transition to HD and its struggling ratings, made it a program at risk of cancellation. The article from TV Guide Canada also pointed that once One Life to Live is cancelled, some of the actors could be offered to join the cast of All My Children in Los Angeles.[27] In May 2010, rumors of possible cancellation of not only One Life To Live, but this time of also All My Children and General Hospital, resurfaced when ABC officially announced that it was shutting down SOAPnet, effective in 2012. After a failed attempt to give Aisha Tyler a talk show in 2009, ABC restarted auditioning a few pilot shows as candidates for its daytime lineup. At this point, All My Children had the lowest ratings so rumors began heating up in March 2011 about the show's demise, with hints that One Life To Live was safe for a while longer.[28] However, early in April 2011, rumors suggested that both All My Children and One Life To Live were in danger of cancellation.[29]

After years of rating declines and months of cancellation rumors, ABC announced on April 14, 2011 that All My Children and One Life To Live would end. ABC cited "extensive research into what today’s daytime viewers want and the changing viewing patterns of the audience."[10] The network stated it was replacing One Life to Live with a new production entitled The Revolution, which would focus on health and lifestyles.[30] While the cancellations of both soaps were announced on the same day, One Life To Live was to remain on the air 4 months longer because its replacement would not be ready until later. In response to the cancellations, vacuum cleaner manufacturer Hoover withdrew its advertising from all ABC programs out of protest.[31][32][33]

The final episode on January 13, 2012, with villainess Allison Perkins narrating her views about the people of Llanview. During the last minutes of the episode, Todd Manning is put under arrest for the murder of Victor Lord Jr. The show ends with the discovery that Victor Lord Jr. is still alive and has been kidnapped by Perkins. Perkins closes the 43 years old soap opera by throwing the script of One Life to Live at Victor saying to him: "But why spoil what happens next. You of all people should know things are rarely what they appear". The decision to conclude One Life to live with an open-ended story is because the serial was supposed to continue on another network at the time the last scenes were taped (see section below).

On the day of the final episode, The View hosted a tribute to One Life to Live where several actors were invited including Erika Slezak, Robert S. Woods, Robin Strasser, Hillary B. Smith, Kassie DePaiva, James DePaiva, Andrea Evans, Judith Light and the show's creator Agnes Nixon.

Cast and characters

Main articles: List of One Life to Live cast members and List of One Life to Live characters

Actors working for more than 30 years on the show include Erika Slezak and Robert S. Woods. Actors who were with the show and became more widely known from their prime-time television or feature film work include Judith Light, Blair Underwood, Roma Downey, Laurence Fishburne, Tommy Lee Jones, Mario Van Peebles, Ryan Phillippe, Esther Rolle, [[Elisabeth Rohm], Nathan Fillion,] and Jessica Tuck.

Core characters and families include Asa Buchanan and members of the Buchanan family, Viki Lord and siblings Tina and Todd of the Lord family, and supporting families such as Dr. Dorian Cramer Lord and the Cramer family and Dr. Larry Wolek and the Wolek family. Other important families included the Sanders family, the Price family, the Gray family, the Rappaport family, the McBain family, McIver family, and the Gannon family.

Controversy

In 2002, the popularity of antihero Todd Manning (Roger Howarth) prompted ABC to market a rag doll of the character, complete with his signature scar.[34][35] First offered for sale on April 29, 2002, the doll was pulled on May 7, 2002, after a backlash begun when The Jack Myers Report "harshly criticized the network's judgment" on creating and releasing a doll based on Manning, a character who had notably been convicted of rape in 1993.[34][35][36] The New York Times later quoted then-ABC President Angela Shapiro admitting, "I was insensitive and take total responsibility for it. I should have been sensitive to the history of the character and I wasn't."[34]

Shortly after receiving a March 2005 GLAAD Media Award for its coverage of LGBT issues,[37][38] One Life to Live met with criticism when married district attorney Daniel Colson (Mark Dobies) was revealed to have murdered two people to cover up the fact that he was secretly gay.[39][40] GLAAD itself criticized the storyline "for reinforcing the idea that being gay is something to be ashamed of," while TV Guide noted "It's hard to disagree with those who say that's a lousy representation of gay folks."[39] Executive Producer Frank Valentini defended the story, saying, "This is a story about the harsher side of intolerance and about one man not being true to himself. There are going to be meaningful, frank discussions that come out of this."[39] Then-head writer Dena Higley explained, "The number one rule of soap opera is never cut drama. Daniel being gay and keeping that a secret is a dramatic story."[39]

In June 2009, actress Patricia Mauceri (a performer on the series since 1995) was replaced in her role as Latin matriarch Carlotta Vega, reportedly after voicing personal religious objections to a planned storyline in which Carlotta would be supportive of a gay relationship.[41][42][43]

Historical storylines

Abandoned transition with Prospect Park

On July 7, 2011, ABC announced that it had licensed the rights to One Life to Live and All My Children to television, film and music production company Prospect Park, allowing both series to continue producing new first-run episodes beyond the conclusion of their television runs on ABC, with the series moving to a new Hulu-style online channel currently in development by Prospect Park; as a result of the company's acquisition of the two soaps, One Life to Live and All My Children would become the first soap operas to transition their first-run broadcasts from traditional television to internet television.[11]

On September 16, 2011, executive producer Frank Valentini was retained by Prospect Park for that serial as well as All My Children when both shows would move to The Online Network.[44] On September 28, 2011, Prospect Park confirmed that One Life to Live would start on its The Online Network internet channel in January 2012, but without specifying the exact date.[45] On September 30, 2011, it was announced that head writer Ron Carlivati would be also heading to the internet version of the show.[46]

Since the agreement made between ABC and Prospect Park was not limited to internet television and did allowed One Life to Live to be broadcast on traditional television, there was an announcement on August 3, 2011 about a possibility of One Life to Live airing on a cable channel.[47][48] On October 5, 2011, the project to bring One Life to Live to cable was reiterated in a New York Times article, where it was revealed that Prospect Park planned to first air episodes on The Online Network, then make them available on television on demand and, then weeks later, on cable television.[49]

On November 23, 2011, Prospect Park officially suspended its plans to continue the show after its run on ABC.[12][50] Reasons given by Prospect Park included funding problems and poor negotiations with the unions representing the cast of One Life to Live. WGA and AFTRA, which respectively represent the writer and the actors, have expressed disappointment over Prospect Park's decision.[51] Though not one of the reasons given by Prospect Park, Deadline.com suggested that the company's lack of success in finding a cable network to carry the show may have been instrumental in the company's decision to not pursue the project.[52]

Despite its fruitless attempt to save the series, Prospect Park had succeeded in retaining 13 actors to sign for the online venture, compared to only two actors for All My Children. Matriarch actress Erika Slezak was among the 13.[53] The 12 other actors were Melissa Archer, Kassie DePaiva, Michael Easton, Shenell Edmonds, Josh Kelly, Ted King, Florencia Lozano, Kelley Missal, Sean Ringgold, Andrew Trischitta, Jerry Ver Dorn and Tuc Watkins.[54]

Transition to General Hospital

On December 1, 2011, two weeks after One Life to Live finished taping its final scenes,[55] ABC confirmed that former executive producer Frank Valentini and head writer Ron Carlivati would assume the same roles on General Hospital effective January 9, 2012.[56]

Several former One Life to Live actors - Kassie DePaiva, Roger Howarth, Michael Easton, and Kristen Alderson - moved with Valentini and Carlivati and reprised their characters on General Hospital.[57] With the exception of DePaiva, all of these actors were eventually put on contract and stayed permanently with the show. On May 9, 2012, Florencia Lozano joined the cast, reprising her One Life to Live role of Tea Delgado. [58]

Crossovers

Throughout the show's history, the plot lines of One Life to Live have been established as existing in the same fictional universe as other ABC-owned daytime series, in particular Agnes Nixon's All My Children, which premiered in 1970. As noted from time to time in both series, fictional Pine Valley—the setting of All My Children—is located in Pennsylvania near One Life to Live's Llanview. Over the years, many characters have crossed over from one series to another in both short appearances and extended runs.[59] As early as 1968, General Hospital's Dr. Steve Hardy appeared in Llanview to consult on Meredith Lord Wolek's blood disease as a means to lead General Hospital viewers to the new series; similarly, One Life to Live's Dr. Larry Wolek visited All My Children shortly after its premiere in 1970.[59]

In 1979, when Viki Riley was on trial for the murder of Marco Dane, she was defended by Pine Valley attorney Paul Martin. In 1999, Daytime Emmy Award-winner Linda Dano[60] returned to One Life to Live as Gretel "Rae" Cummings, a character she had previously played on the series from 1978 to 1980.[61][62][63] In a 2000 move of network synergy designed to "entice viewers to tune into soap operas that they might not have usually watched," then-President of ABC Daytime Angela Shapiro orchestrated Dano's concurrent appearance as Rae on the three other ABC soap operas at the time — All My Children, General Hospital, and Port Charles — in an extended crossover storyline[59] which was the first time a daytime character had ever appeared on four series.[61][64][65] Rae's search for the child she had given up for adoption takes her to All My Children, where she discovers in 2000 that her own birth mother is Pine Valley's Myrtle Fargate.[66] Following clues to Port Charles and General Hospital, Rae finally finds her daughter back in Llanview on One Life to Live: Skye Chandler, herself a former All My Children character who had relocated to One Life to Live in 1999.[59] Skye's adopted All My Children father Adam Chandler appears on One Life to Live in 2001, and Rae initially identifies Skye's biological father as Alan Quartermaine of General Hospital. Both women subsequently appear on that series, with Skye moving to General Hospital full-time in 2001 and Rae returning to One Life to Live until 2004, making some appearances on General Hospital later in 2002 and 2003.

A December 30, 2003, visit by One Life to Live's Paul Cramer to his estranged secret wife Babe Carey on All My Children[65] ultimately leads to an extensive 2004 "baby switch" storyline which features crossovers of over 20 characters between the two series. With his sister Kelly desperate for a child to save her marriage after miscarrying her own, Paul finds himself delivering the babies of both Babe and her friend Bianca Montgomery during a rainstorm and subsequent flood in nearby Pine Valley on March 24, 2004. Paul stages a crash with his MEDEVAC helicopter; he takes Babe's son for Kelly,[59] gives Bianca's daughter to Babe, and tells Bianca that her baby had died in the accident. Unaware of the child's origins, Kelly brings Babe's infant back to Llanview, passing him off as her child with her husband Kevin Buchanan. Months later, Babe discovers that her daughter is really the grieving Bianca's, but remains silent and allows Paul to manipulate her. Meanwhile, a devastated Kelly discovers that Paul had stolen her son from his mother and, desperate for cash, he blackmails Kelly by threatening to reveal the secret to Kevin. Bianca's daughter is returned to her for Christmas 2004, and once Kevin learns the truth, he and Kelly return Babe's son as well in 2005.[67]

Awards

One Life to Live and many of its actors and crew have been nominated for dozens of awards, winning on many occasions. Erika Slezak has received six Daytime Emmy Awards for her acting, a feat tied only by Anthony Geary and Justin Deas.[7]

In 2005, the series was awarded a GLAAD Media Award for its coverage of LGBT issues in the 2004 coming out storyline of gay character Mark Solomon (Matt Cavenaugh).[37] One Life to Live won the same award again in 2010 [68] for a well-publicized storyline in which police officer Oliver Fish comes out and reunites with his former college boyfriend and medical school student Kyle Lewis.[41][42][69][70]

Daytime Emmy Award wins

Category Recipient Role Year(s)
Outstanding Drama Series 2002[8]
Lead Actor Al Freeman, Jr.
Robert S. Woods		 Ed Hall
Bo Buchanan		 1979[71]
1983[72]
Lead Actress Judith Light
Robin Strasser
Erika Slezak
Hillary B. Smith
Susan Haskell		 Karen Wolek
Dorian Lord
Victoria Lord
Nora Gannon
Marty Saybrooke		 1980,[73] 1981[74]
1982[75]
1984,[76] 1986,[77] 1992,[78] 1995,[79] 1996,[80] 2005[81]
1994[82]
2009[83]
Supporting Actor Thom Christopher Carlo Hesser 1992[78]
Supporting Actress Susan Haskell Marty Saybrooke 1994[82]
Younger Actor Roger Howarth Todd Manning 1994[82]
Wins in other categories
  • 2009 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama Series
  • 2009 Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Drama Series
  • 2009 Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team
  • 2009 Outstanding Original Song
  • 2008 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama Series
  • 2008 Outstanding Achievement in Lighting Direction for a Drama Series
  • 2008 Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team
  • 2008 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
  • 2008 Outstanding Original Song (two awards for two One Life to Live songs, which tied)
  • 2007 Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction/Set Decoration/Scenic Design for a Drama Series
  • 2007 Outstanding Achievement in Multiple Camera Editing for a Drama Series
  • 2005 Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series (tied with All My Children)
  • 2005 Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction/Electronic Camera/Video Control for a Drama Series
  • 2003 Outstanding Achievement in Live & Direct to Tape Sound Mixing for a Drama Series
  • 2001 Outstanding Achievement in Live & Direct to Tape Sound Mixing for a Drama Series
  • 2001 Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction/Electronic Camera/Video Control for a Drama Series
  • 2000 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama Series
  • 2000 Outstanding Achievement in Live & Direct to Tape Sound Mixing for a Drama Series
  • 2000 Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
  • 2000 Outstanding Original Song
  • 1994 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
  • 1987 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
  • 1984 Outstanding Achievement in Technical Excellence for a Daytime Drama Series
  • 1984 Outstanding Direction for a Daytime Drama Series
  • 1983 Outstanding Direction for a Daytime Drama Series
  • 1982 Outstanding Achievement in Any Area of Creative Technical Crafts: Lighting Direction (Everett Melosh)
  • 1976 Outstanding Individual Director for a Daytime Drama Series (David Pressman)
  • 1974 Outstanding Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork

Broadcast history

For historical ratings information, see List of US daytime soap opera ratings

Question book-new.svg This section does not cite any references or sources.

ABC cemented its reputation as a youth-oriented network in daytime with the addition of One Life to Live to its schedule, with much of the rest of its lineup consisting of soaps like Dark Shadows, sitcom reruns, and game shows packaged by Chuck Barris. The network placed the new serial at 3:30 PM EST, against CBS's established hit Edge of Night and the popular NBC game You Don't Say. One Life to Live replaced the short-lived Baby Game, in a three-way shuffle with Dark Shadows and Dating Game.

Despite the tough competition, the intense tone of the plot and strong characters allowed the show to get a leg up on You Don't Say, wearing that game down to the point of its cancellation in September 1969; NBC replaced the Tom Kennedy-hosted game in that time slot with three unsuccessful serials: Bright Promise (1969–1972), Return to Peyton Place (1972–1974), and How to Survive a Marriage (1974–1975).

Matters greatly improved for One Life to Live in 1972, when CBS relocated Edge of Night in response to packager Procter and Gamble's demands. The four-year-old show topped the ratings for the first time over CBS' declining Secret Storm, and later, the game Hollywood's Talking, which ran for only 13 weeks. However, CBS' revival of Match Game debuted in July 1973 and soon became the daytime phenomenon of the mid-1970s, rising to the top of the daytime ratings by Thanksgiving.[citation needed]

By 1975, NBC became a serious player in that time slot for the first time in over five years when it expanded its strong soap Another World to an hour, with its second half occupying the 3:30 timeslot. One Life to Live lost a substantial audience share, but its lead-in, General Hospital, experienced even worse losses. ABC then expanded both One Life to Live and General Hospital to 45 minutes, with each composing half of a 90-minute block between 2:30 PM and 4 PM. Beginning on July 26, 1976, One Life to Live assumed the first position, at 2:30. ABC bet its hopes on viewers staying tuned past the half hour, making them unlikely to switch channels to Another World or All in the Family reruns on CBS (for General Hospital fans, turning to Match Game).

As One Life to Live struggled, its neighbor General Hospital was in danger of cancellation after a 15-year run. This approach showed some promise, until November 7, 1977, when CBS expanded Guiding Light to an hour. ABC then expanded One Life to Live to an hour on January 16, 1978, in the 2:00 PM timeslot (with General Hospital following at 3:00 PM); The $20,000 Pyramid was moved to noon for the rest of its ABC run to make room.

General Hospital rose rapidly to the top spot in the Nielsens through its brash, youthful storylines (culminating in the hugely popular[citation needed] "Luke and Laura" storyline by 1979-1980). As for One Life to Live, from its tenth birthday onward, its competitors, all Procter and Gamble productions, declined in popularity. Search for Tomorrow, for instance, spent its last several months on CBS against the last half of One Life to Live. Its replacement, Capitol, did little better, and after its cancellation, CBS aligned As the World Turns against One Life to Live and Another World, a configuration that stayed in place until Another World's cancellation in 1999. During the 2000s (decade), One Life to Live ran about even with As the World Turns, with NBC's Another World replacement Passions trailing significantly.

One Life to Live was never a top-rated soap opera. But like other daytime soap operas, it had its ups and downs in the ratings. It enjoyed fair-to-middling ratings in the 1960s, but rose rapidly as it entered the 1970s, along with the rest of ABC's daytime lineup. The 1980s saw the show reach the height of its popularity, with an estimate of 9 million viewers early in the decade. [84] The show typically ranked between the second and the fourth position in the 1980s. [84] Since 1991, it returned to the middle of the pack, but its numbers declined, in common with all other soaps. [84] By the decade's end, the show rested near the bottom of the ratings pack, and it continued to hover around the lower reaches of the weekly ratings throughout the 2000s in terms of total number of viewers; however, the show tended to rank in the mid-range for the target demographic of women aged 18–49, often higher than sister show All My Children.[85] The 2009-2010 season was a particularly difficult year for One Life to Live. During the week of June 28, 2010, the show ranked last among all soap operas with 2.1 million viewers, compared to 2.3 million for As the World Turns.[86] As One Life to Live entered the 2010-2011 season, ratings improved, but not enough to prevent ABC from cancelling the program on April 14, 2011, especially after the show hit a low record with the 18-49 women demographic on the week of February 28, 2011.[87] After the cancellation announcement, One Life to Live began to surpass General Hospital in total number of viewers, but General Hospital continued to dominate One Life to Live in several specific categories for much of the summer, most notably the key demographic of women between 18 and 49 years old, usually prioritized by daytime networks. By September 2011, One Life to Live had dethroned General Hospital in every category. Overall, One Life to Live was the third highest rated program among the five remaining soap operas in its last season, trailing The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful, but ahead of General Hospital and Days of Our Lives. The show averaged 2.6 million viewers on a daily basis during its final weeks. Its final episode on January 13, 2012 drew more than 3.8 millions viewers, one of the highest ratings in the history of soap opera finales.[88]

Executive producers and head writers

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Executive producers

Duration Name
January 2003—January 2012 Frank Valentini
January 2001—December 2002 Gary Tomlin
December 1997—January 2001 Jill Farren Phelps
October 1996—December 1997 Maxine Levinson
July 1994—October 1996 Susan Bedsow Horgan
July 1991—June 1994 Linda Gottlieb
August 1984—June 1991 Paul Rauch
August 1983—July 1984 Jean Arley
July 1977—August 1983 Joseph Stuart
July 1968—July 1977 Doris Quinlan

Head writers

Duration Name(s)
May 2, 2008—January 13, 2012 Ron Carlivati
February 15, 2008—May 1, 2008 Gary Tomlin (During WGA strike)
September 11, 2007—February 14, 2008 Ron Carlivati
May 8, 2007—September 10, 2007 Dena Higley
Ron Carlivati
December 13, 2004—May 7, 2007 Dena Higley
November 29, 2004—December 10, 2004 Brian Frons
Frank Valentini
March 23, 2004—November 24, 2004 Michael Malone
March 10, 2003—March 22, 2004 Josh Griffith
Michael Malone
February 3, 2003—March 7, 2003 Josh Griffith
January 2001—January 31, 2003 Lorraine Broderick
Christopher Whitesell
September 1999—January 2001 Megan McTavish
January 1999—September 1999 No Headwriter credited
March 30, 1998—December 31, 1998 Pamela K. Long
June 1997—March 29, 1998 Claire Labine
Matthew Labine
December 1996—June 1997 Jean Passanante
Peggy Sloane
April 1996—December 1996 Leah Laiman
Jean Passanante
Peggy Sloane
March 1995—March 1996 Michael Malone
January 1992—February 1995 Josh Griffith
Michael Malone
August 1991—January 1992 Michael Malone
May 1991—August 1991 Craig Carlson
September 1990—May 1991 Craig Carlson
Leah Laiman
July 1987—July 1990 S. Michael Schnessel
July 1984—June 1987 Peggy O'Shea
December 1983—June 1984 Sam Hall
Peggy O'Shea
June 1983—December 1983 John William Corrington
Joyce Corrington
February 1983—June 1983 Henry Slesar
July 1982—January 1983 Sam Hall
Henry Slesar
March 1980—May 1982 Sam Hall
Peggy O'Shea
November 1978—March 1980 Gordon Russell
Sam Hall
September 1973—October 1978 Gordon Russell
August 1972—September 1973 Agnes Nixon
Gordon Russell
July 1968—July 1972 Agnes Nixon
Paul Roberts
Don Wallace

International broadcasting

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In Canada, One Life to Live aired on CBC Television from 1992 to 1998. The series was more recently broadcast on Joytv and the Citytv stations in Calgary (CKAL-TV), Edmonton (CKEM-TV), and Winnipeg (CHMI-TV); and in Ontario on Sun TV. In its final seasons, One Life to Live aired on Bell Media's A system (later known as CTV Two) at 1 PM local time. One Life to Live also had been available on Canadian households directly through ABC for its entire 43 year run.

In Italy, One Life to Live, under the title Una vita da vivere, aired in the afternoon from November 1982 to September 1985 on Canale 5 (1978-1981 US episodes). The series returned with new episodes in July 1988, this time on Rete 4 in the afternoon. In September 1989 it was moved to 8.30 am, and stopped airing in June 1991 (1984 UU episodes). Reruns aired from 1987 to 1990 on Italia 7 and briefly in 1994 on Tivù Italia.

130 episodes of One Life to Live from 1980-1981 were broadcast under the title Solo se vive una vez on Spain's TVE1 at 11.30 am starting on August 11, 1986.

In Israel, One Life to Live debuted in 1994 on Channel 3 weekdays at 18:00 with the Marty Saybrooke gang rape storyline (US: 1993). It went off the air in 1998. In summer 1999, the series was relaunched in prime time on the telenovela channel Viva (21:00), starting where the previous run of episodes had left off (US 1997 episodes). In 2001 One Life to Live was relocated again, this time to Yes Channel 3 satellite. It went off the air in May 2002 (2001 US episodes). In Israel, the show was named "לחיות את החיים" (Likhiot Et Hakhayim) - meaning "Living The Life".

In France, One Life to Live had a brief stint in 1987 and 1988, airing under the name On ne vit qu'une fois on TF1.

See also

References

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  2. ^ http://abc.go.com/shows/one-life-to-live/episode-detail/episode-11096/914937
  3. ^ Whetsell, Tripp (November 21, 2011). "Life After 'Life' Is a Mystery". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204443404577050313745551858.html. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Schemering, Christopher (September 1985). The Soap Opera Encyclopedia. pp. 158–166. ISBN 0-345-32459-5 (1st edition). 
  5. ^ a b Waggett, Gerard J. (November 1997). "One Life to Live". The Soap Opera Encyclopedia. Harper Paperbacks. pp. 163–188. ISBN 0-06-101157-6. 
  6. ^ a b "NYC's soap bubble bursts". New York Post. January 8, 2012. http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/tv/nyc_soap_bubble_bursts_77jXTowUItYBOhVbhCN41M/0. 
  7. ^ a b "SOAP STAR STATS: Erika Slezak (Viki, OLTL)". SoapOperaDigest.com. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081218121338/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/soapstarstats/erikaslezakbio/. Retrieved February 20, 2009. 
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  9. ^ James, Meg (April 15, 2011). "ABC ending soaps 'All My Children' and 'One Life to Live'". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/15/business/la-fi-ct-soaps-20110415. 
  10. ^ a b http://abc.go.com/site/abcdaytimenews
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  12. ^ a b Andreeva, Nellie (November 23, 2011). "It’s Official: ‘One Life To Live’ And ‘All My Children’ Won’t Continue Online". Deadline.com. http://www.deadline.com/2011/11/its-official-one-life-to-live-and-all-my-children-wont-continue-online/. Retrieved 13 January 2012. 
  13. ^ Waggett, Gerard J. (July 15, 2008). "First Impressions". One Life to Live 40th Anniversary Trivia Book. Hyperion. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-1-4013-2309-7. 
  14. ^ Murray, Jesse (June 10, 2008). "Marty Saybrooke 101". SOAPnet.com (Google cache). http://google.com/search?q=cache:gr5SQftnTNQJ:soapnet.go.com/soapnet/article/path-articleNum_6117/category_shows. Retrieved June 26, 2009. 
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  18. ^ a b One Life to Live recap (7/22/08, 40th Anniversary) - Soaps.com
  19. ^ One Life to Live recaps (1990, Part 3) - ABC.com
  20. ^ One Life to Live recap (7/31/08) - ABC.com
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  23. ^ Murray, Jesse (August 4, 2009). "Huge All My Children and One Life to Live News". SOAPnet.com. http://sn.soapnet.go.com/news/article/huge-all-my-children-and-one-life-to-live-news. Retrieved August 27, 2009. 
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  33. ^ Hoover's official Facebook page: "To Our Loyal ABC Soap Fans", April 18, 2011.
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  38. ^ OLTL's GLAAD Media Award was a result of the 2004 coming out storyline of gay character Mark Solomon (Matt Cavenaugh).
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  41. ^ a b Logan, Michael (July 2, 2009). "Soaps: The Gays of Summer". TVGuideMagazine.com. http://tvguidemagazine.com/soaps/the-gays-of-summer-1584.html. Retrieved July 2, 2009. 
  42. ^ a b Fairman, Michael (July 2, 2009). "Soapside: Advocate 's Guide to Daytime". Advocate.com. http://www.advocate.com/exclusive_detail_ektid95502.asp?page=2. Retrieved July 2, 2009. 
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  46. ^ On http://www.tvline.com/2011/09/one-life-to-live-prospect-park-archer-carlivati/
  47. ^ http://www.deadline.com/2011/08/all-my-children-one-life-to-live-to-return-to-tv-soaps-shopped-to-cable-networks/
  48. ^ http://www.deadline.com/2011/08/amc-star-susan-lucci-mulling-offer-to-continue-on-the-show-as-it-moves-online
  49. ^ Brooks Barnes (5 October 2011). "Rebirth for Soap Operas, and a Career". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/business/media/using-soap-operas-jeff-kwatinetz-plans-an-online-tv-network.html?_r=1. Retrieved 5 October 2011. 
  50. ^ http://www.accesshollywood.com/prospect-park-cancels-plans-to-put-one-live-to-live-all-my-children-online_article_57141
  51. ^ <http://www.deadline.com/2011/11/wgaw-aftra-react-to-amc-oltl-not-moving-online-dont-blame-us/
  52. ^ http://www.deadline.com/2011/11/on-the-brink-prospect-park-may-be-forced-to-pull-the-plug-on-oltl-amc/
  53. ^ http://www.deadline.com/2011/09/four-actors-sign-on-to-continue-on-oltl-while-susan-lucci-turns-down-amc-offer/
  54. ^ . http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/11/23/plans-killed-to-take-one-life-to-life-and-all-my-children-online/. 
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  56. ^ http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital/GH-Valentini-Carlivati
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  59. ^ a b c d e Waggett (2008). "Crossing the Line". OLTL 40th Anniversary Trivia Book. pp. 164–167.
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  62. ^ "Who's Who in Llanview: Rae Cummings". SoapCentral.com. http://www.soapcentral.com/oltl/whoswho/rae.php. Retrieved February 19, 2009. 
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  68. ^ "21st Annual GLAAD Media Awards - English Language Nominees". GLAAD.org. January 13, 2010. http://www.glaad.org/mediaawards/21/nominees. Retrieved February 18, 2010. 
  69. ^ "One Life to Live: Gay Storyline On The Horizon!". Soaps.com. June 16, 2009. http://www.soaps.com/onelifetolive/news/4551/One_Life_to_Live_Gay_Storyline_On_The_Horizon. Retrieved July 21, 2009. 
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